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洞窟自然通风性能对于洞窟空气质量的优劣至关重要，并影响文物保存状况及游客舒适度。针对覆斗顶形窟和中心塔柱窟，以换气次数为评价指标，采用示踪气体浓度衰减法系统研究了2种形制洞窟的自然通风性能，分析了其空间差异性、量化特征及影响因素。研究结果表明：覆斗顶形窟换气次数依甬道、主室中央、西南角和东北角递减，中心塔柱窟依塔柱东、甬道、塔柱南北、西南角、塔柱西递减；洞窟换气次数随窟门开启程度的减小而急剧下降，窟门打开、仅纱网门关闭、窟门关闭3种工况下，洞窟换气次数分布范围分别为1.7～13.3次·h-1、1.5～5.2次·h-1、0.4～1.3次·h-1,平均值依次为7.0、2.8、0.8次·h-1;洞窟自然通风性能与窟门开启程度、窟内外温差、窟门面积呈正相关，与洞窟体积呈负相关，同时还受门窗类型影响，表现出多重因素的叠加效应。这些结果可为莫高窟众多洞窟自然通风策略的设计和评价提供重要理论支撑。
Abstract：Natural ventilation performance plays a key role in air quality of Mogao caves. As a consequence, it also has an important effect on the conservation of cultural relics and climate comfort degree of tourists in caves. This study aims to investigate the natural ventilation performance of two types of caves, one with truncated pyramidal ceiling and the other with central pillar, by means of tracer gas concentration decay method and air changes per hour(ACH) is used as the evaluation index. Additionally, the spatial difference, quantitative characteristics and factors of ACH in caves are well discussed. The results show that the ACH in caves with truncated pyramidal ceiling declines successively in the order of corridor, center of main chamber, southwest corner and northeast corner. While the caves with central pillar exhibit a different situation and its order of ACH from high to low is east side of pillar, corridor, south and north side of pillar, southwest corner and west side of pillar. Furthermore, it is also found that the overall ACH in both types of caves decreases significantly with the reduction of door opening degree. ACH ranges from 1.7 to 13.3 h-1 for open caves, 1.5 to 5.2 h-1 for caves only with gauze door closed and 0.4 to 1.3 h-1 for closed caves, and their average value are 7.0, 2.8 and 0.8 h-1 respectively. In terms of the factors that affects the ACH obviously, this study finds that ACH has a positive correlation with door opening degree, temperature difference between inside and outside and door area and a negative relationship with cave volume. Besides, the form of door and window also influences the ACH in caves dramatically. In conclusion, ACH in caves depends on the additive effect of multiple factors mentioned above. The results of this study are meant to provide a scientific basis for designing and evaluating the strategy of natural ventilation in Mogao Caves.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-010
中图分类号:K879.21;TU834.1
引用信息:
[1]陈海玲,郭青林,张景科,等.莫高窟洞窟自然通风性能分异特征及归因分析[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,56(02):325-336.DOI:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-010.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF0907705); 甘肃省文物保护科学和技术研究课题(GWJ202008); 甘肃省陇原青年英才项目
2026-04-14
2026-04-14
2026-04-14