2025 01 v.55 139-149
基于机载激光雷达的复杂环境空间考古调查方法
基金项目(Foundation):
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY101503)
邮箱(Email):
yuchun@nwu.edu.cn;
DOI:
10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-01-012
中文作者单位:
西北大学文化遗产学院;南阳文物保护研究院;
摘要(Abstract):
机载激光雷达作为一种主动遥感技术，可在复杂环境中有效感知地表或浅地表遗迹信息。然而因成本和技术因素，目前在大规模考古调查中仍不普及。基于棱镜式半固态机载激光雷达技术设计了一套涵盖数据采集、处理和考古分析的一站式激光雷达空间考古调查方法，在满足激光雷达数据精度要求的同时，降低了考古工作者学习和应用的难度，并以南阳地区古代城址调查为例，在各种复杂的遗迹赋存环境中进行了试验。实践表明，该方法能够高效、高质量地完成复杂赋存环境下的考古遗迹信息获取与感知，为考古调查和遗址保护监测等工作提供坚实的数据基础，进而推动机载激光雷达在考古调查中的普及应用。
关键词(KeyWords):
机载激光雷达;空间考古;赋存环境;微地貌;数字考古
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参考文献
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[20] 朱军，朱庆，艾廷华，等.空间信息可视化[M].北京：科学出版社，2023:15-17.
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[2] RENFREW C,BAHN P.Archaeology:Theories,methods,and practice[M].London:Thames & Hudson,2020:86-88.
[3] 文化部文化资产局.文化资产场域3D雷射扫描记录[M].台北：台北科技大学防灾工程科技中心，2020:10-14.
[4] 曾昊旻，李松，张智宇，等.车载激光雷达Risley棱镜光束扫描系统[J].光学精密工程，2019,27(7):1444-1450.ZENG H M,LI S,ZHANG Z Y,et al.Risley-prism-based beam scanning system for mobile lidar[J].Optics and precision Engineering,2019,27(7):1444-1450.
[5] 王心源，郭华东.空间考古学：对象、性质、方法及任务[J].中国科学院院刊，2015,30(3):360-367.Wang X Y,GUO H D.Space archaeology:Disciplinary attribute,research object,method and tasks[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2015,30(3):360-367.
[6] 李松阳，王藏博，徐怡涛.以小型低成本无人机进行大型考古遗址航测的新探索：以赤峰辽中京遗址为例[J].遗产与保护研究，2018,3(11):124-132.LI S Y,WANG C B,XU Y T.A new exploration of aerial photogrammetry in large archaeological sites with small and low-cost unmanned aircraft:Taking the Liaozhongjing Site in Chifeng as an example[J].Research on Heritages and Preservation,2018,3(11):124-132.
[7] 秦岭，张海.电子全站仪在田野考古中的应用[J].考古，2006(6):73-78.QIN L,ZHANG H.The Application of Electronic Total Stations in Field Archaeology[J].Archaeology,2006(6):73-78.
[8] 任冠，魏坚.城市考古研究中空间分析的理论与实践：基于遥感与地理信息系统[J].河南大学学报(社会科学版),2021,61(1):77- 82.REN G,WEI J.Theory and practice of spatial analysis in urban archaeology research:Based on remote sensing and geographical information on system[J].Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences),2021,61(1):77-82.
[9] 黄德华：福建山区机载LiDAR微地貌识别最优点密度研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息，2023,46(10):132-136.HUANG D H.Study on the optimal density of airborne LiDAR micro landform recognition in mountainous areas of Fujian Province[J].Geomatics & Spatial Inofrmation Technology,2023,46(10):132-136.
[10] 赵晓东，杨华，王曦阅.三维点云数据微地形特征量的提取及应用研究[J].测绘科学，2024,49(5):133-142.ZHAO X D,YANG H,WANG X Y.Study on extraction of micro-terrain features from 3D point clouds and its application[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2024,49(5):133-142.
[11] 王成，习晓环，杨学博，等.激光雷达导论[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2022:3-5.
[12] PRUFER K M,THOMPSON A E,KENNETT D J.Evaluating airborne LiDAR for detecting settlements and modified landscapes in disturbed tropical environments at Uxbenká,Belize[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,2015(57):1-13.
[13] 袁立成，魏振华.三维点云语义分割方法[J].现代电子技术，2024,47(22):51-56.YUAN L C,WEI Z H.Method of three-dimensional point cloud semantic segmentation[J].Modern Electronics Technique,2024,47(22):51-56.
[14] LI A H,LIU X S,SUN J F,et al.Risley-prism-based multi-beam scanning LiDAR for high-resolution three-dimensional imaging[J].Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2022,150:106836.
[15] 王晶，王朝阳，张峰，等：北斗PPK技术辅助无人机航空摄影测量精度分析[J].测绘通报，2022,(12):64- 69.WANG J,WANG C Y,ZHANG F,et al.Precision analysis of aerial photogrammetry assisted by Beidou PPK technology[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2022,(12):64- 69.
[16] FRACHETTI M D,BERNER J,LIU X Y,et al.Large-scale medieval urbanism traced by UAV-iDAR in highland Central Asia[J].Nature,2024,634(8036):1118-1124.
[17] 刘一萍，周明全，寇姣姣，等.基于无监督网络框架的文物点云模型去噪[J].激光与光电子学进展，2022,59(12):362-371.LIU Y P,ZHOU M Q,KOU J J,et al.Denoising of cultural relics point cloud model based on unsupervised network framework[J].Laser & Optoelectronics Progress,2022,59(12):362-371.
[18] 王丽英，宋伟东，孙贵博.机载LiDAR数据航带平差研究进展[J].遥感信息，2012(2):120-128.WANG L Y,SONG W D,SUN G B.A survey of researches on strip adjustment of Airborne LiDAR data[J].Remote Sensing Information,2012(2):120-128.
[19] 黄江雄，曹骞，胡向，等.轻小型机载激光雷达点云处理关键技术[J].测绘通报，2024(5):115-120.HUANG J X,CAO Q,HU X,et al.Key technologies of Point cloud processing for light and small airborne LiDAR[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2024(5):115-120.
[20] 朱军，朱庆，艾廷华，等.空间信息可视化[M].北京：科学出版社，2023:15-17.
[21] 徐巍，孙志鹏，徐朋，等.基于LiDAR点云数据插值方法研究[J].工程地球物理学报，2012,9(3):365-370.XU W,SUN Z P,XU P,et al.Interpolation Method Based on the Point Cloud Data LiDAR[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2012,9(3):365-370.
[22] ?TULAR B,EICHERT S,LOZIC E.Airborne LiDAR point cloud processing for archaeology:Pipeline and QGIS toolbox[J].Remote Sensing,2021,13(16):3225.
[23] 文伯聪，张彤.一种用于导航的2.5维地图的构建[J].计算机工程与科学，2011,33(4):110-114.WEN B C,ZHANG T.A 2.5dimension map building for navigation[J].Computer Engineering & Science,2011,33(4):110-114.
[24] 张海.GIS与考古学空间分析[M].北京：北京大学出版社，2014:272-275.
[25] DELL’UNTO N,LANDESCHI G.Archaeological 3D GIS[M].London:Routledge,2022:72-74.
[26] 任冠，魏坚.遥感与地理信息系统在城市考古中的实践[J].江汉考古，2020(4):102-111.REN G,WEI J.Application of remote sensing and geographical information system to urban archaeology[J].Jianghan Archaeology,2020(4):102-111.
[27] 李宇奇，王紫玉.无人机考古调查方法初论[J].华夏考古，2023(3):128-138.LI Y Q,WANG Z Y.An initial exploration of archaeological survey methods using UAV[J].Huaxia Archaeology,2023(3):128-138.
[28] LUO L,WANG X Y,GUO H D,et al.Airborne and spaceborne remote sensing for archaeological and cultural heritage applications:A review of the century (1907—2017)[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2019(232):111280.
[29] 孙满利，张景科.文物保护学的理论探讨[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2022,52(2):192-198.SUN M L,ZHANG J K.Theoretical discussion on conservation of cultural heritages[J].Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition),2022,52(2):192-198.
[30] WANG S L,HU Q W,WANG S H,et al.Archaeological site segmentation of ancient city walls based on deep learning and LiDAR remote sensing[J].Journal of Cultural Heritage,2024(66):117-131.
基本信息:
DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-01-012
中图分类号:K854;TN958.98
引用信息:
[1]田松林,秦高敏,乔保同等.基于机载激光雷达的复杂环境空间考古调查方法[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2025,55(01):139-149.DOI:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-01-012.
基金信息:
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY101503)