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中国西北高寒地区保存大量土遗址，在冻融与水盐耦合作用下，土遗址浅表层经历多次冻融循环，诱发多种病害。为探究冻融与水盐耦合作用下土遗址浅表层病害发育特征，开展室内冻融模拟试验，基于重塑试样的外观形貌、表面温度场、声波波速、表面硬度、微观结构和颗粒粒径6个指标，揭示冻融-水盐运移耦合作用下土遗址浅表层的劣化特征。试验发现，在冻融过程中易溶盐向试样中部迁移并结晶，从而诱发酥碱破坏，形成水平向劣化层。盐含量与冻融损伤呈正相关，且Na_2SO4含量越高，冻融损伤越严重，冻融循环作用显著降低声波波速和表面硬度，破坏颗粒团聚体结构，但土体粒径级配特征保持稳定。冻融-水盐耦合作用引发盐分积聚和结晶，破坏土体颗粒胶结状态，导致土体结构疏松是土遗址浅表层劣化的主要因素，相关成果可为土遗址浅表层病害防治提供参考。
Abstract：A large number of earthen heritage sites are preserved in the alpine regions of northwestern China. Under the coupled action of freeze-thaw cycles and water-salt effects, the shallow surface layer of these sites undergoes repeated freezing and thawing, which induces various forms of deterioration. To investigate the deterioration characteristics of the near-surface layer of earthen heritage sites under the coupled action of freeze-thaw cycles and water-salt effects, laboratory freeze-thaw simulation tests were conducted. Based on six indicators-apparent morphology, surface temperature field, sonic wave velocity, surface hardness, microstructure, and particle size distribution of remolded samples-the deterioration characteristics of the shallow surface layer under the coupled influence of freeze-thaw cycles and salt migration were revealed. The experiments found that during freeze-thaw processes, soluble salts migrate towards the center of the samples and crystallize, thereby inducing salt weathering and forming a horizontal deterioration layer. Salt content shows a positive correlation with freeze-thaw damage, and higher Na_2SO4 content leads to more severe damage. Freeze-thaw cycles significantly reduce sonic wave velocity and surface hardness, and disrupt the aggregated structure of soil particles, although the particle size gradation characteristics of the soil remain stable. The primary factor in the deterioration of the shallow surface layer of earthen sites is the coupled action of freeze-thaw cycles and water-salt effects, which causes salt accumulation and crystallization, damages the cementation state of soil particles, and leads to a loosened soil structure. The relevant findings can provide a reference for the prevention and mitigation of deterioration in the shallow surface layer of earthen heritage sites.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-002
中图分类号:TU448
引用信息:
[1]齐博嘉,张景科,崔庆飞,等.冻融与水盐耦合作用下土遗址浅表层劣化特征[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,56(02):229-240.DOI:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-002.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划(2025YFE0211600,2023YFF0905900); 甘肃省创新平台计划(26JDWF001)
2026-04-25
2026-04-25