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石窟寺建筑大多依存于不同性质的岩体，采用减地之法开凿而成，受地域、时代、民族等因素影响，石窟建筑形制因时因地呈现出不同的特征，而石窟赋存岩性的差异和建筑形制类型的不同，则对石窟建筑的营造工艺提出了不同要求。该文通过对敦煌莫高窟不同形制石窟窟顶坡度、石窟建筑尺度、石窟结构受力以及石窟层位分布等方面的统计、计算与分析，从石窟窟顶坡度的范围、石窟平立面的比例关系、不同形制石窟模型的受力特征与层位特征等方面，探讨了古人在石窟营造工程中呈现的设计思想与整体布局的合理性与科学性，阐明了不同形制石窟的鲜明结构特征和相互之间渗透延续的脉络，为研究敦煌石窟建筑形制的时代演变提供了更广阔的思路。
Abstract：The cave temples, usually being dependent on different types of rock mass were excavated by the method of reducing the rock. The structural forms of the grottoes demonstrated different characteristics affected by such factors as different region, era, nationality, etc. Meanwhile, the differences in the lithology of the grottoes and the different types of architectural forms put forward various requirements on the technology of grotto construction. This paper took a statistics, calculation and analysis of roof grade, cave scale, structural force and layer distribution of the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, discussed the rationality and scientificity of the design ideas and overall layout presented in grotto construction project by the ancients from the aspects of roof slope range, flat and fa9 ade proportional relationship, the force characteristics and the layer characteristics of different forms of caves, and clarified the distinctive structural characteristics of different cave forms and the context of mutual penetration and continuity, which provides insight for studying of the evolution of the Dunhuang grottoes.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2022-02-005
中图分类号:TU252
引用信息:
[1]杨赫赫,王其亨.敦煌莫高窟石窟建筑形制与结构特征探析[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2022,52(02):199-212.DOI:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2022-02-005.
基金信息:
国家社科基金青年项目(17CKG014)
2021-10-15
2021-10-15
2021-10-15