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石窟围岩的颗粒与孔隙结构特征直接影响石窟结构的长期稳定性。以敦煌石窟砾岩为研究对象，选取榆林窟东崖酒泉组砾岩，开展颗粒分析、矿物学检测与CT扫描试验。研究发现：(1)砾岩由大粒径砾石主导骨架(>10 mm占73.6%),细颗粒呈分级填充特征，颗粒形态以球形最常见，不规则颗粒导致局部孔隙形态复杂；(2) CT结果表明砾岩孔隙率平均约5%,但沿z方向在0～41%之间剧烈波动，孔隙与喉道呈多尺度分布，中等尺度孔隙(约200μm)和较短喉道(约40μm)最为常见，孔喉比集中在2左右，体现出较好的连通性；(3)矿物构造表现为“硬砾石-弱胶结”状态，砾石以石英、长石为主，胶结物富含方解石和绿泥石，决定了其水敏性和易劣化特征。多尺度结构、孔隙网络与矿物相共同控制砾岩的渗透性与风化敏感性，为理解敦煌石窟围岩的耐久性及制定保护策略提供了科学依据。
Abstract：The grain and pore structures of grotto surrounding rock directly influence the long-term stability of the cave system. Using conglomerate from the Jiuquan Formation on the eastern cliff of the Yulin Grottoes as the research object, particle-size analysis, mineralogical testing, and CT scanning were conducted. The results show that:(1) The conglomerate is dominated by a coarse-gravel framework(>10 mm accounting for 73.6%), with fine particles filling the intergranular spaces in a graded manner. Spherical grains are most common, whereas irregular grains lead to locally complex pore geometries.(2) CT results indicate an average porosity about 5%, but with strong fluctuations ranging from 0～41% along the z-axis. Pores and throats exhibit a multiscale distribution; medium-sized pores(about 200 μm) and short throats(about 40 μm) are the most frequent, with pore-throat ratios concentrated around 2, indicating relatively good connectivity.(3)The rock mass manifests as a "hard gravel-weakly cemented" structure from a mineralogical perspective, gravels are mainly quartz and feldspar, while the cement is rich in calcite and chlorite, imparting water sensitivity and susceptibility to deterioration.The multiscale structure, pore network, and mineral phases jointly control the permeability and weathering sensitivity of the conglomerate. These findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the durability of Dunhuang Grottoes surrounding rock and for formulating appropriate conservation strategies.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-009
中图分类号:K879.21
引用信息:
[1]张慧慧,王彦武,郭青林,等.敦煌石窟砾岩多尺度颗粒结构与孔隙特征[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,56(02):315-324.DOI:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-009.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(42502282); 甘肃省科技创新人才计划(25JR6KA017); 甘肃省科技计划项目(23ZDGF001)
2026-04-14
2026-04-14
2026-04-14