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科学认知土遗址系统和实施保护措施系统是土遗址系统性保护的两个方面。在深入分析我国土遗址保护的发展历程和现状问题，总结历史经验、理论经验和实践经验的基础上，采用系统论理论，以价值为核心，科学阐释土遗址系统的概念、组成、结构与功能以及状态参量和相态，明确系统的环境和边界；提出了防止或减缓土遗址系统从现有不均匀有序状态向均匀无序状态转变是土遗址保护的科学内涵，土遗址的价值和信息保存状况是土遗址系统的状态，状态变量为土遗址病害，土遗址系统状态的评估就是评估病害对土遗址系统价值长久保存过程中产生的已有的、或可能的影响。保护措施系统包含管理措施、预防措施、干预措施、利用措施等，是维持或改变土遗址系统状态的重要方式；采用协同论分析了保护措施之间的协同机制，提出有效性称为保护措施系统的序参量，保护措施子系统的状态可用保护措施有效性来定量表征，四类措施需协同作用，以形成完整的系统性保护。
Abstract：Systematic conservation of earthen sites encompasses two fundamental dimensions: the scientific comprehension of the site system and the systematic implementation of conservation measures.Through an in-depth analysis of the historical development and current challenges in the conservation of earthen heritage sites in China, this study builds on the synthesis of historical, theoretical, and practical experiences.By applying system theory, a value-centric framework is established to define the earthen site system through its conceptual components, structure, functions, state parameters, and phase states, while clarifying system boundaries and environmental interactions.The scientific essence of conservation is identified as preventing or mitigating the transition of earthen site systems from their current non-uniform ordered state to a uniform disordered state. Here, the system's state reflects the preservation status of heritage values and informational integrity, with deterioration acting as the state variable. The assessment of an earthen heritage system's state essentially evaluates the actual or potential impacts of deterioration on the long-term preservation of the system's heritage values.The conservation measures subsystem integrates management, preventive measures, intervention techniques, and utilization strategies. Utilizing synergetics, this study reveals the coordination mechanism among these measures and proposes effectiveness as the order parameter governing the subsystem. Quantitative characterization of the subsystem's state is achieved through conservation effectiveness metrics. The synergistic interaction of these four categories of measures constitutes a holistic systematic conservation approach.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-001
中图分类号:K878
引用信息:
[1]孙满利,张景科,毛维佳,等.土遗址的系统性保护研究[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,56(02):215-228.DOI:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-001.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF0905904)
2026-04-14
2026-04-14
2026-04-14