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煤系地层中的高岭石黏土岩为中国特色的煤系伴生矿产资源，成因类型多样，可提供地层学、年代学或构造地质学等地质意义。鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区山西组煤系地层中发育一套厚层状灰白色高岭石黏土岩，运用岩心观察、岩石薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和主量元素分析，查明其矿物组成及岩石类型，探明其成因类型。结果表明，灰白色高岭石黏土岩主要成分为黏土矿物(质量分数平均74.96%),其次为石英(质量分数平均14.28%)和菱铁矿(质量分数平均10.46%)。所含黏土矿物以高岭石为主(质量分数平均76.2%),多为隐晶质集合体，石英多为微晶状，菱铁矿多呈团块状、鲕状、浸染状。其可进一步划分为3类：灰白色含菱铁矿高岭石黏土岩、灰白色菱铁矿质高岭石泥岩和灰白色高岭石黏土岩。灰白色高岭石黏土岩Hinckley指数(Hi)整体偏低(平均0.25),反映陆相搬运再沉积成因；(001)峰半高宽(FWHM)为0.269～0.567,计算结晶度为1.68～3.23,整体偏低，反映陆相搬运再沉积或火山物质蚀变型成因。主量元素显示，SiO2/Al2O3分子数比值为2.02,具有高SiO2、较高Al2O3、较高TFe2O3以及极低TiO2、 K2O、 MgO、 CaO、 Na2O的特征，反映并非火山灰蚀变成因，而主量元素含量分布也区别于风化残积型岩石特征。研究认为，灰白色高岭石黏土岩为风化搬运再沉积型成因，属于沉积成因类型。很高的化学蚀变指数指示其形成时物源区具有高化学风化强度和潮湿炎热的气候条件。灰白色高岭石黏土岩的发育反映了陇东地区物源区山西组沉积后期构造活动的存在以及潮湿炎热气候的转化，可作为小层对比划分的标志层，具有事件地层学的地质意义。菱铁矿的发育也为研究区发育弱还原环境的三角洲前缘-浅湖沉积提供证据。
Abstract：The kaolinite claystone in the coal-bearing strata is a characteristic coal associated mineral resource in China, with various types of genesis, which can provide geological significance such as stratigraphy, chronology or tectonic geology. A set of thick-bedded grayish-white kaolinite claystone is developed in the coal-bearing strata of Shanxi Formation, Longdong area, Ordos Basin. The mineral composition and rock type were identified by core observation, thin section identification, scanning electron microscope analysis, X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis and major element analysis. And the genetic type was preliminarily identified. The results show that the gray-white kaolinite claystone is mainly composed of clay minerals(74.96% on average), followed by quartz(14.28% on average) and siderite(10.46% on average). The clay minerals contained are dominated by kaolinite(76.2% on average) which is mostly cryptocrystalline aggregates. Quartz is mostly microcrystalline. And siderite is mostly lumped, oolitic, and disseminated. It can be further divided into three categories: gray-white siderite-bearing kaolinite claystone, gray-white sideritic kaolinite claystone and gray-white kaolinite claystone. The Hinckley index(Hi) of the grayish-white kaolinite claystone is low(0.25 on average), reflecting the genesis of redeposition after continental transport. The peak half height width(FWHM) of peak(001) is 0.269～0.567, and the calculated crystallinity ranges from 1.68 to 3.23, which is low overall, reflecting the the genesis of redeposition after continental transport or the genesis of redeposition after continental transport genesis of volcanic material alteration type. The ratio of major elements SiO2/Al2O3 of is 2.02, which is characterized by high SiO2, high Al2O3, high TFe2O3, and very low TiO2, K2O, MgO, CaO, and Na2O, reflecting that it is not of volcanic ash alteration. The distribution of major elements contents is different from that of weathering residual sedimentary rocks. It is believed that the grayish white kaolinite claystone is formed by transport and redeposition after weathering, and belongs to the sedimentary genesis type. The high chemical alteration index(CIA) reflects the high intensity of chemical weathering and the tropical climate conditions in the sediment source areas of the rocks at the time of formation. The development of grayish white kaolinite claystone reflects the presence of tectonic activities in the late depositional stage of the Shanxi Formation and the transformation of the humid and hot climate in the source area of Longdong region, which can be used as a marker layer for the contrasting division of small layers and has geological significance of event stratigraphy. The development of siderite also provides evidence for the development of weakly reducing environment of delta front-shallow lake deposition in the study area.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-05-016
中图分类号:P618.11;P619.2
引用信息:
[1]李笑天,董倩云,范倩倩,等.陇东地区山西组煤系地层高岭石黏土岩岩石学特征及其成因分析[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2025,55(05):1138-1153.DOI:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-05-016.
基金信息:
中国石油重大科技专项(2023ZZ25); 中国石油长庆油田分公司项目(2023QCPJ03,2025D4QP12)