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全面科学地评价黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地质量状况对实现区域耕地“三位一体”保护、保障粮食安全具有重要意义。以陕西省子长市为例，从多个维度构建黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地质量评价指标体系，基于多元统计分析方法建立最小数据集(MDS)指标体系，综合运用主客观方法赋权进行实证，分析耕地质量的空间分布特征，并根据区域地形的特点，引入地形梯度分析法，探究了耕地质量的地形梯度特征。结果表明：(1)子长市耕地质量指数(IFI)分布在0.15～0.90之间，均值为0.30,不同乡镇的耕地质量状况具有较大的差异性，其中，瓦窑堡街道办、余家坪镇、安定镇的耕地质量指数总体水平较高；(2)子长市耕地质量以劣等为主，面积占比高达41.57%,耕地质量等级呈现显著的空间集聚特征，低等与劣等地主要分布在县域北部，优等与高等地主要分布在县域西南部，从乡镇的角度看，各乡镇劣等地面积占比范围为31.15%～49.20%,而优等地仅为0.71%～6.23%;(3)耕地质量呈现显著的地形梯度变化特征，劣等和低等地的分布指数随地形梯度的增加逐渐上升，而高等、优等和中等地随地形梯度的增加逐渐下降，以3级地形梯度为分界线，地形梯度越靠近1或6级，各耕地质量等级的分布指数差异越大，地形因素对耕地质量的分布格局具有重要作用，在开展耕地保护相关工作时，应因地制宜充分考虑地形因素的影响。该研究完善了黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地质量评价指标体系，揭示了耕地质量的地形梯度变化特征，更真实客观地刻画地形特征与耕地质量之间的关系，为该地区耕地质量提升与保护工作提供决策依据。
Abstract：Comprehensive scientific evaluation of the quality of cultivated land in loess hilly and gully region is of great significance in achieving the tripartite model of quantity, quality, and ecological protection of regional cultivated land and ensuring food security.This paper constructed the evaluation index system of cultivated land quality in loess hilly and gully region from multiple dimensions; and established the Minimum Data Set(MDS) index system based on multivariate statistical analysis methods. We took the Zichang City of Shaanxi Province as a case, using the subjective and objective methods to combine weighting, analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of the cultivated land quality. Based on the topographic characteristics of the region, the method of topographical gradient analysis was introduced to probe into the features of topography gradient of cultivated land quality. The results showed that:(1) The distribution of the cultivated land quality index(IFI) in Zichang City ranged from 0.15 to 0.90, with a mean value of 0.30. The cultivated land quality status of different townships had a large variation, with the overall level of the cultivated land quality index in Wayaobao Subdistrict Office, Yujiaping Township, and Anding Township being higher.(2) The quality of cultivated land was mainly inferior, accounting for 41.57% of the area. Cultivated land quality grades showed significant spatial clustering characteristics, with low and inferior lands mainly distributed in the northern part of the county, and high and excellent lands mainly distributed in the south-west part of the county. From the perspective of townships, the area proportion of inferior land in each township ranged from 31.15% to 49.20%, while that of superior land ranges only from 0.71% to 6.23%.(3) The quality of cultivated land showed a significant topographic gradient, with the distribution index of inferior and low-grade land gradually increasing with the increase of the topographic gradient, while that of high, excellent and medium land gradually decreased with the increase of the topographic gradient. Taking the 3-level terrain gradient as the dividing line, the closer the terrain gradient was to level 1 or 6, the greater the difference in the distribution indices of the various cultivated land quality grades. Topographical factors played an important role in the distribution pattern of the quality of cultivated land, and the influence of topographical factors should be taken into full consideration when carrying out work related to the protection of cultivated land according to local conditions. This study improved the evaluation index system of cultivated land quality in loess hilly and gully region; and portrayed the relationship between topographic features and cultivated land quality more realistically and objectively. The results provided a decision-making basis for the improvement and protection of cultivated land quality in this region.
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(1)注:相关文件主要包括《农用地质量分等规程》(GB/T 28407—2012)、《农用地定级规程》(GB/T 28405—2012)、《耕地质量等级》(GB/T 33469—2016)、《耕地地力调查与质量评价技术规程》(NY/T 1634—2008)、《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618—2008)等标准与规程,以及《耕地质量调查监测评价(试用稿)》等试点工作形成资料。
基本信息:
DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-04-013
中图分类号:S158;P208
引用信息:
[1]梁钰,李祥,贺炳彦,等.基于最小数据集的黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地质量评价及地形梯度特征分析[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2025,55(04):850-866.DOI:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-04-013.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(42271200); 国土资源评价与利用湖南省重点实验室开放课题(SYS-MT-202402)
2025-08-12
2025-08-12
2025-08-12