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天然气驱是提高石油采收率的重要手段，有助于油气能源的高效利用，其中节流气嘴是注采系统中的关键部件，目前的节流气嘴多采用固定结构形式，难以实现流量、压降的在线调节。据此提出了一种新型可调节的井下多孔节流装置，通过在线调整流通孔数，实现气嘴嘴损特性的调控。为掌握该新型气嘴内流场特征和节流特性，采用SST k-ω湍流模型和NIST物性模型模拟了超临界混合流体在气嘴内的流动过程，获得了节流装置内的流场分布特征，分析了不同工况下气嘴的节流特性。结果表明：(1)井下多孔节流装置的气嘴通道间存在流量非均匀分配，单个气嘴通道内流速呈现先快速增加后减小、压力呈现先快速减小后略微增加的趋势；(2)获得了不同流量和不同开孔数条件下的气嘴压降，在4 MPa的压降需求下，可实现标况下1.5×104～1×105 m3/d的宽泛流量范围内的调节；(3)利用计算结果建立了压降预测关系式，能够快速预测气嘴压降，指导该新型气嘴的实际应用。此研究可助力提高原油生产效率，延长油田寿命，实现能源的可持续发展。
Abstract：Natural gas flooding is a crucial technique for enhancing oil recovery and helpful for the efficiency utilization of energy, where throttling nozzles serve as essential components within the injection and production systems. However, most existing throttling nozzles are designed with fixed structures, making it challenging to adjust flow rates and pressure drops online. It proposes a novel adjustable downhole multi-hole throttling device that allows for the regulation of nozzle loss characteristics by adjusting the number of flow-through holes online. The SST k-ω turbulence model and the NIST physical property model were used to simulate the flow of supercritical mixed fluids within the nozzle, obtaining the flow field distribution characteristics inside the throttling device and analyzing the throttling behavior of the nozzle under different operating conditions. The results show that a non-uniform distribution of the flow rate between the nozzle channels was observed, and there is an asymmetric distribution characteristic of the flow field in the nozzles. Besides, the velocity in a single nozzle channel shows a rapid increase and then a decrease, and the pressure shows a rapid decrease and then a slight increase. The pressure drop across the gas nozzles was analyzed under different injection flow rates and varying numbers of holes. Under a pressure drop of 4 MPa, the device can achieve flow regulation over a wide range from 1.5×104 to 1×105 m3/d under standard conditions. A pressure drop prediction equation was established based on the simulation results, enabling quick prediction of gas nozzle pressure drops according to desired flow rates. Thus, it provides guidance for application of the new nozzle, enhancing oil production efficiency, extending the life of oil fields and achieving sustainable development of energy.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-01-005
中图分类号:TE934.4
引用信息:
[1]山金城,王天慧,吕国胜,等.新型可调节多孔节流气嘴压降特性数值模拟研究[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,56(01):47-56.DOI:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-01-005.
基金信息:
“十四五”重大科技项目(KJGG2021-0502); 国家自然科学基金(51974327)
2026-02-21
2026-02-21