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县域是推进新型城镇化与全面乡村振兴进而实现城乡融合的重要载体。研究基于2020年全国2 355个县的截面数据，综合运用空间分析和无序多分类Logistic回归模型，首先在全国尺度解析城镇化和乡村发展与协同类型的地域分异，探究长江、黄河流域的差异特征，并系统识别影响不同协同类型区发生概率的关键因素。结果表明：(1)全国城乡发展呈现“东北、西南低，东南、西北局部高”的特征，其中，长江流域自上游向下游梯度递增，黄河流域则呈北高南低、入海口高的格局；(2)高水平协同(40.3%)与主要城市群辐射区高度契合，低水平协同(48.3%)集中于原集中连片特困区、城低乡高型失调(5.5%)多邻近高水平协同县，城高乡低型失调(5.9%)无显著集聚特征；(3)协同分异受“人-地-业”三维机制驱动，地形约束加剧失衡而交通优势缓解失调风险，产业升级抑制低水平协同但改善城高乡低型失调作用有限，政府投入与人力资本结构矛盾制约发展；(4)推进路径需分类分区施策，高水平协同区强化辐射创新，低水平协同区推动产业生态化，失调区着力承接产业转移或破除要素壁垒，长江流域宜重点突破上游特困区、赣南山区与皖北农区低水平协同问题，黄河流域应优先提升兰州-西宁、关中、中原城市群功能以破解全域低水平协同与城高乡低型失调的矛盾。
Abstract：Urban-rural integration is the ineviatable trend in the development of urban-rural relations. Counties serve as crucial vehicles for achieving this integration of new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization. To reveal the spatial patterns and formation mechanisms of urban-rural synergy across Chinese counties, this study employs spatial analysis and multinomial logistic regression models using 2020 cross-sectional data from 2,355 counties. We first explore the spatial distribution of urban-rural development and synergy typologies at the national scale, then conduct focused comparative analyses of pattern differentiation in the Yangtze River Basin and Yellow River Basin, while systematically identifying key factors influencing the probability of different synergy types.The research has four major findings. Firstly, nationally, urban-rural development exhibits a pattern of "lower levels in northeastern and southwestern regions, with localized higher levels in southeastern and northwestern areas." Within the major basins, development intensity along the Yangtze River increases downstream, while the Yellow River Basin shows higher development in its northern reaches and estuary zone but lower levels in the southern regions. Secondly, high-level synergy counties(40.3%) align spatially with major urban agglomerations; low-level synergy clusters(48.3%) concentrate in former contiguous poverty-stricken areas; urban-lagging imbalance counties(5.5%) are frequently adjacent to high-synergy counties; rural-lagging imbalance counties(5.9%) show no significant spatial clustering. Thirdly, synergy differentiation is mechanistically driven by the "population-land-industry" analysis framework: terrain constraints exacerbate imbalance whereas transportation advantages mitigate dysfunction risks; industrial upgrading suppresses low-level synergy but has limited effect on improving rural-lagging imbalance; inefficient government investment and structural contradictions in human capital hinder development. Finally, promotion pathways require spatially tailored strategies: enhancing innovation radiation in high-synergy zones; promoting eco-industrialization in low-synergy regions; facilitating industrial transfer absorption or removing institutional barriers in imbalance areas. Basin-specific priorities include: addressing low-level synergy in poverty-stricken upstream areas, the mountainous southern Jiangxi region, and the agricultural areas of northern Anhui farmer within the Yangtze Basin; strengthening the Lanzhou-Xining, Guanzhong, and Central Plains urban agglomerations to resolve the prevalent low-level synergy and rural-lagging imbalance throughout the Yellow River Basin.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-04-017
中图分类号:F299.27;F327
引用信息:
[1]印静,王婧,李裕瑞.中国县域城镇化和乡村发展的地域差异与协同类型[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2025,55(04):912-931.DOI:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2025-04-017.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(T2261129477)
2025-08-25
2025-08-25