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为保证三星堆遗址祭祀坑在考古发掘过程中的结构安全，根据坑体三维点云数据和坑顶卸荷裂隙的测量结果，运用约束Delaunay三角剖分技术建立考虑裂隙空间结构的高精三维网格模型，采用ABAQUS软件计算在分层开挖、设备堆载、人员踩踏、地震作用4种工况条件下的水平位移或振动速度，据此分析各种工况条件对坑体稳定性的影响，采取针对性的坑体结构稳定现场防控措施。结果表明，坑体结构稳定防控的最不利条件为设备堆载工况下长边或短边距边缘小于1.5 m,人员踩踏工况下长边距边缘小于0.3 m或短边距边缘小于0.2 m,地震作用工况下烈度高于Ⅵ级；重点对象为K3、K6+K7、K8的坑顶长边边缘中部，尤其是卸荷裂隙发育位置。研究认为，一方面可利用日常管理对设备堆载、人员踩踏等人为可控因素进行必要的防范，另一方面采用临时支护结构对地震作用等自然不可抗力进行一定的应对，发挥主动预防和被动控制两项措施的协同作用，有效抑制坑体结构变形发展。
Abstract：Maintaining structural stability is a prerequisite for the safe conservation of archaeological sites. To ensure the structural stability of the sacrificial pits during the excavation process at the Sanxingdui Site, a study was carried out on the influencing factors and protective measures of the sacrificial pits stability. Firstly, a high-precision three-dimensional model was constructed based on the three-dimensional point cloud data of the pit body and the measurement results of the pit top unloading fractures. Subsequently, the Delaunay triangular decomposition method with constraints was employed to establish a three-dimensional grid model incorporating the spatial structure of the fractures. Finally, the horizontal displacement or vibration speed of the pit body under layered excavation, equipment loading, crowd standing, and earthquake action was calculated using the ABAQUS software. Based on the results above, the influence of various conditions and scenarios on the stability of the pit body was analyzed. On this basis, targeted preventive and control measures were adopted to maintain the stability of the pit body. The above research findings indicate that the equipment loading scenario with the long or short side less than 1.5m from the edge, the crowd standing scenario with the long side less than 0.3m or the short side less than 0.2m from the edge, and the earthquake action scenario with a magnitude of VI or above are the most unfavorable conditions for the structural stability control of the pit body. The middle part of the long side of K3, K6+K7, and K8, especially the location of the unloading fractures, is the key object of structural stability control. Therefore, on the one hand, we utilize routine management to implement necessary prevention and control of human-controllable factors such as equipment loading and crowd standing. On the other hand, we employ temporary support structures to cope with natural uncontrollable forces such as earthquakes. Through the combination of proactive prevention and passive control measures, the structural deformation of the pit body has been effectively controlled.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-005
中图分类号:K878
引用信息:
[1]赵凡,胡芮,孙满利,等.三星堆遗址祭祀坑稳定性影响因素分析及防控[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,56(02):264-275.DOI:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-005.
基金信息:
四川省科技计划项目(2023YFS0463); “三星堆遗址考古研究与遗产保护”专项课题(SXD2025-04); 四川省省级科研院所基本科研业务项目(24JBKY0006006)
2026-04-14
2026-04-14
2026-04-14