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以龙门石窟为例，通过集成红外热成像监测、气象数据采集与ImageJ-Python图像处理算法，构建高时空分辨率的渗水动态识别方法，并结合多元回归分析建立气候-渗流耦合模型，以揭示石窟在降雨驱动下的渗流响应机制。结果显示，渗流现象发生在降雨峰值后约48 h,演化过程呈现“点状萌发—带状汇聚—片状扩散”的非线性扩散模式及昼夜振荡特征。气候因子中，降雨量(35%)、空气温度(28%)和太阳辐射(18%)是主要驱动因素，其中太阳辐射表现出3 h的相位延迟抑制效应；太阳辐射每增加100 W/m2,渗流面积减少15%～20%,且抑制效应存在3 h相位延迟，反映出岩体热惯性在渗流过程中的调控效应；湿度与风速的作用较弱，但在特定条件下可强化或抑制渗流过程。该研究揭示了降雨、热效应与蒸发循环共同作用下的复杂水岩耦合机制，为半湿润区露天石质遗产的水害机理解析及预防性保护提供了理论依据与方法支撑。
Abstract：In the context of climate change, rainfall-driven fracture seepage has become a key factor threatening the long-term stability of open-air stone heritage, and its response mechanisms urgently require further elucidation. Taking the Longmen Grottoes as a case study, this study developed a high-spatiotemporal-resolution method for dynamic seepage identification by integrating infrared thermographic monitoring, meteorological data, and ImageJ-Python image-processing algorithms. On this basis, a climate-seepage coupling model was established through multivariate regression analysis. The results show that seepage occurs approximately 48 hours after peak rainfall, exhibiting a nonlinear diffusion pattern that evolves from point initiation to band convergence and finally to surface expansion, along with pronounced diurnal oscillations. Among the climatic factors, precipitation(35%), air temperature(28%), and solar radiation(18%) were identified as the principal drivers. In particular, solar radiation exerts an inhibitory effect with a phase lag of approximately 3 hours: for every 100 W/m2 increase in solar radiation, the seepage area decreases by 15%～20%. This delayed suppression reflects the regulatory effect of the thermal inertia of the rock mass on the seepage process. By contrast, humidity and wind speed exert relatively weak influences, although under certain conditions they may either enhance or inhibit seepage.This study reveals the complex hydro-rock coupling mechanism driven by the combined effects of rainfall, thermal processes, and evaporation cycles, and provides a theoretical basis as well as methodological support for understanding water-induced deterioration and advancing preventive conservation of open-air stone heritage in semi-humid regions.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-008
中图分类号:K879.23;TU-87;TU45
引用信息:
[1]张铎,闫增峰,倪平安,等.降雨驱动下龙门石窟裂隙渗流响应机制研究[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,56(02):301-314.DOI:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2026-02-008.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(52278127)
2026-04-14
2026-04-14
2026-04-14